Analysis of the Meaning of Repetition Language Style in Hermann Hesse's Der Steppenwolf Roman

Repetitive language style in romance literary works is not only used to create aesthetic effects, but also creates emotional and intellectual resonance that enriches the reading experience. This study aims to analyze the meaning of repetition language style in the romance Der Steppenwolf by Hermann Hesse. The research uses descriptive qualitative method with semantic analysis approach. The analysis revealed that anaphora is the most dominant language style used, with the amount of data reaching 40.74%, followed by epistrophe around 31.48%, and polysyndeton 27.78% of data. Meanwhile, the meaning of repetition language style includes strengthening the character's feelings towards the world, providing structure and rhythm to the story, creating nuances and deep emotions. Repetitive language styles in romances can provide new insights into how literary works are constructed and influence readers.


INTRODUCTION
Literature is a form of human expression that belongs to the category of art that uses language as material (Jakobson, 1987;Lodge, 2015;Thomas, 2020).Experts agree that literature is writing that processes everyday language to become more complex and creative, changing, rearranging, and presenting language in unique ways (Buell et al., 2011;Endraswara, 2013;Kennedy, 2007;Simpson, 1997).The language used in literature has significant depth and differences compared to the use of language in everyday life (Dash & Kuddus, 2020;Hussein et al., 2021).
Literary works have the purpose of being a means of communication for the author and the audience, even if the interaction does not always occur directly (Mirayanti et al., 2022;Rokhmansyah, 2014).However, the communication process in literature is very complicated, even more complex than communication through machines (Isnaini, 2022;Mustaqim, 2020;Pratyaksa, 2019).Language in literary works has a very important informative role.Every author has a unique language style, which reflects their personality, character, and abilities.Good language style gets a positive judgment, while bad language style gets a negative judgment (Bsharat & Barahmeh, 2020;Deane, 2020;D'Souza, 2021).In other words, language style is the way writers express their thoughts and ideas with distinctive language, which reflects who they are.
One type of language style that is often studied is repetition language style.Repetition is a style of writing used in literary or written works to repeat or reiterate a word, phrase, sentence, or other language element for a specific rhetorical or literary effect (Khezrlou, 2019).This repetition language style is used to reinforce messages, emphasize ideas, or create certain literary effects (Ermanto et al., 2020;Reverdy et al., 2020).In addition, it is used to enrich the language, provide rhythm, and create a strong literary effect in the text (Fu et al., 2021).According to Farnsworth (2011), repetition stylistics can include various forms, such as anaphora (repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive sentences or verses), epistrophe (repetition of words or phrases at the end of consecutive sentences or verses), and polysyndeton (excessive use of conjunctions to join words or phrases).
Romance is a communication tool between the author and the reader (Kundera, 2020).The hope is that through romance readers can understand the author's intentions and even enhance their inner understanding (Farmer et al., 2009;Katz & O'Brien, 2019;Kobayashi et al., 2020;Skains, 2010).Romance, with its diverse elements, provides a positive experience and allows the audience to see life more wisely and broadly.Barthes considered romance as a text open to various interpretations, and the reader has an important role in creating the meaning of the romance (Jadoon et al., 2020).On the other hand, romance is a literary form that allows the author to explore the stream of consciousness of the characters, highlighting their interiority and psychology (Barros-Del Río, 2022).Romance is a narrative literary form that allows the author to explore deeper characters, conflicts, and themes in a longer story.
Previous research on the meaning of language style in a romance has been done, such as Sinaga (2022) who analyzed the novel Sang Pemimpi in terms of language style and educational value.The dominant language style in the novel is personification, while the educational values contained include religious, moral, social and cultural values.Lubis (2022) analyzed the language style in the novel 5 cm by Donny Dhirgantoro.Apparently, the novel uses personification, simile, hyperbole, and eponym.Falah et al (2023) examined the language style of the novel Brak Out with the results of their analysis, namely that the personification language style is 14 data, simile language style is 14 data, hyperbole language style is 11 data, euphemism language style is 8 data, and anaphora language style is 9 data.Styarini & Hartanto (2023) found stylistic tools and explained the gothic language style to build a gothic atmosphere in the novel Demian by Hermann Hesse.It turns out that the novelist uses certain diction to maintain the gothic atmosphere, includes some gothic elements in the story, and uses archaic philosophical names for the characters.
This research focuses on the meaning of the repetitive language style in Der Steppenwolf by Hermann Hesse.This romance is the object because it is well-known among literature fans and is a major work of the famous writer Hermann Hesse, the 1946 Nobel Laureate in Literature.Thus, the researcher tries to analyze the meaning of language style in the romance Der Steppenwolf so that readers and researchers can more easily understand the romance.This research provides a deeper insight into how Hermann Hesse uses language in his work.For literature lovers, this research is expected to increase their understanding and appreciation of literary works, especially German-language romances.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research is a descriptive qualitative research in the form of written words from the people observed.The data in this research is the romance Der Steppenwolf by Hermann Hesse in the form of words, utterances, phrases, paragraphs, clauses and sentences that contain language styles.Meanwhile, the approach chosen is semantic analysis with the intention of understanding and analyzing the text in depth with a focus on its meaning and semantic structure (Allen et al., 2008).Data collection was done through systematic steps.First, the researcher read the romance in its entirety.Second, the researcher re-read in more detail and marked words, phrases, or sentences relevant to the research topic.Third, the researcher records the data and makes the data as research material such as sentences that explain the language style.The research instrument used is the researcher himself who acts as a planner, data collector, data interpretation, analyzer, and reporter of research results (Moser & Korstjens, 2018;Wa-Mbaleka, 2020;Yilmaz, 2013).The data analysis technique used in this research is the heuristic reading method.Heuristic reading is an approach that involves an in-depth and interpretative examination of the text (Coiro, 2021;Ismail et al., 2015;Liu & Wei, 2018;Shuttleworth et al., 2008).This approach aims to uncover deeper meanings, themes, and nuances in the text (Dong et al., 2007;Straub, 2002;Vagin & Os'kin, 2006).In the heuristic reading, the researcher takes on the role of an active and engaged reader carefully examining the text for the meaning of the repetitive language style in the selected romances.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of the research on the meaning of stylistic repetition in the romance Der Steppenwolf reveal how repetition is a key element in the formation of themes and characterization in the romance.Hesse carefully uses repetition, including anaphora, epistrophe, and polysyndeton, to create profound rhetorical effects.That is, repetition becomes an important tool in describing the romance author's inner struggles, feelings of loneliness, and the chaos of the world around him.From the analysis, the following data is obtained:  1 above, there are three types of repetition language styles in Hesse's romance.The total data obtained is 54 with details: First, anaphora, which appears in 22 data or about 40.74% of the total data.Second, epistrophe, which is found in 17 data or about 31.48% of the total data.Third, polysyndeton which is found in 15 data or about 27.78% of the total data.From the results of this study, it can be concluded that anaphora is the most dominant rhetoric used, followed by epistrophe and polysyndeton in rhetorical construction in the analyzed texts.In addition, the meaning of the repetition language style obtained includes: (1) describing saturation and character, (2) strengthening the character's feelings and describing feelings of confusion towards the world, (3) giving strong rhetorical characteristics and emphasizing ideas in the text, (4) adding nuances in the text and giving the text a distinctive structure and rhythm, (5) enriching the narrative and creating a strong literary voice, and ( 6) creating an effect of emphasis and describing deep feelings towards events in the main character's life.
In literature, characterization serves as the main foundation that reinforces the character's feelings and describes the character's feelings towards the world around them.McTigue et al (2015) describe the importance of characterization in understanding how characters in the story experience feelings, conflicts, and emotional growth.Furthermore, repetition is used to emphasize ideas in the text, create an effect of emphasis, and give the text a distinctive structure and rhythm (Hinkel, 2002;Robbins, 1996).Insights into how the use of rhetoric in literature can bring stories to life.Nuance in the text creates atmosphere, emotion, and deeper meaning, as discussed in previous research (Garrison & Peirano, 2019;Lu et al., 2020;Marcotte & Stokowski, 2021).Furthermore, the structure and rhythm of the story, as Wagner & McCurdy (2010) explain, give the text a distinctive direction and flow.Narration, as cited by Muliani et al (2019) describes events in the main character's life and creates a strong literary voice.Furthermore, the effect of emphasis helps researchers highlight important elements in the story so as to achieve a deep emotional effect (Qin et al., 2020;Shahin et al., 2021).These stylistic meanings of repetition indirectly create a literary text that is rich, profound, and able to affect readers in a deep way.
According to Noviyanti et al (2023), the appearance of stylistic aspects in literature such as novels is intended as a strengthening of the intrinsic elements of discourse (characterization, ideas, meaning references, storyline, atmosphere, and setting), efficiency-dynamization of discourse, and creation of variations in lingual forms in discourse.Buhari et al (2020) analyzed the novel Kasyaf Ain using interesting and easy-to-understand language varieties such as sarcasm, encouraging language varieties, mocking language varieties, tempelak language varieties, heraldic language varieties and extreme language varieties.The various varieties of language that are intertwined have formed the perfection of the novel as a creative work.Nurhuda (2022) found in the novel Rindu by Tere Liye that the dominant use of language style is asindenton.Through this language style, the author can describe a situation, character, in a row so that it looks effective.In fact, asindenton is able to express the intensity of a person's circumstances and activities.
The use of repetition has various meanings and effects in romance, including strengthening characterization, giving structure and rhythm to the story, creating nuances and deep emotions, and highlighting other important elements in the story.
Thus, an understanding of stylistic recurrence in romance can provide new insights into how literary works are constructed and influence readers.

CONCLUSION
In the analysis of Hesse's romances, three types of repetition language styles were found, namely anaphora, epistrophe, and polysyndeton.The results show that anaphora is the most dominant language style used, with the amount of data reaching around 40.74% of the total data, followed by epistrophe which is found in around 31.48% of the data, and polysyndeton around 27.78% of the data.The use of this repetition language style has various meanings, such as describing characters, strengthening characters' feelings towards the world, providing structure and rhythm to the story, creating deep nuances and emotions, and highlighting important elements in the story.This shows that stylistic repetition in literature plays an important role in characterization, the formation of narrative structure, as well as providing a distinctive feel in literary works.Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the use of stylistic recurrence in romance can provide new insights into how literary works are constructed and influence readers.This research makes an important contribution to the understanding of literature and the influence of repetitive language styles in creating rich literary works and influencing readers.

Table 1 .
Results of the Analysis of the Meaning of Repetition Style in der