Social-Cultural Values Embodied in the film of Bumi Manusia

The purpose of this study is to find the values conveyed in the film of Bumi Manusia regarding the social values of the Javanese people and to find out the cultural values conveyed in the film of Bumi Manusia regarding Javanese society. This research is included in qualitative research. The type of research that researchers use is research (documentary research). The data collection technique carried out is to identify several images and dialogues contained in shots and scenes which depict the social and cultural values of the Javanese people. By using descriptive methods and content analysis methods, namely analyzing scenes, and character dialogues based on social and cultural values. The results of this study are expected to be able to answer research questions about social and cultural values in a film and later can be scientifically accounted for and provide advice to young filmmakers in their work


INTRODUCTION
Human life in the world cannot be separated from communication activities, since communication is an integral part of the system and order of human social life or society (Christenson & Flora, 2019). Communication activities can be seen in every aspect of human daily life, namely from waking up in the morning to humans going to bed at night (Akter dkk., 2019).
Communication plays a very important role in the formation of society (Ameliola & Nugraha, 2015). In this phenomenon, human beings are engaged in communication activities in social life, so that humans can be 'close to each other in a community (Bai dkk., 2021). Communication is already part of our daily activities (Mrabure, 2019). It is rarely realized that in principle no one can extricate himself from communication activity (Meireis & Rippl, 2019).
Communication has several forms of communication between individuals, groups, and mass communication (Heiner dkk., 2019). Mass communication is communication using mass media to convey messages such as an author conveying messages through certain languages or symbols to the audience (Adnan, t.t.).
The development of film media with various effects has been raised, it is all a continuous development of the current globalization, and in the end, it has been able to create the life of modern society (Bai dkk., 2021). The characteristics of modern society, include having an openness to new experiences and ideas, being oriented to the present and the future, having the ability to plan and believing that humans can control nature and not the other way around (Gkargkavouzi dkk., 2019).
The fact that film exerts influence on society makes the film a tool to present a "social reality" that is presented as a media reality (Guimarães dkk., 2020). The reality of the media built by the film is the result of the thinking of the filmmakers, who in its development follow the demands of the market (Catalfo & Giustra, 2020). Society and the media are two elements that need each other (Catalfo dkk., 2021). On the one hand, the lifestyle of a large part of society is influenced by the media, there is a possibility that the mass media will confirm the social values that already exist in society (Zhang, 2019). However, the media offers new ideas that are contrary to the agreed values and can be underestimated. Some films or soap operas fight more against cultures that do not meet the demands of the times (Devi & Wallang, 2022).
This film is packaged so interestingly, the storyline that advances, backward, and the storytelling of conflicts make the audience more familiar with the history and enlightened, making this film even better and of higher quality (Shodiq & Madjid, 2021). However, a good and quality film is not only seen from the storyline but must have social and cultural values that want to be conveyed to the audience (Catalfo dkk., 2021). The film is worth watching, besides that the cinematography is good, and the audience will learn valuable lessons from the film (Ameliola & Nugraha, 2015;Chen & Thorson, 2021).
For example, the film of Bumi Manusia tells the story of two human children who concoct love on the stage of the struggles of colonial land in the early 20th century. This is the story of Minke and Annelies (Meireis & Rippl, 2019). The love that was present in Minke's heart for Annelies, made him experience endless inner struggles. He, an indigenous youth, Javanese took. While Annelies, the Indo-Dutch girl is the son of a Nyai. Mr. Minke, who had just been appointed regent, never agreed to Minke being close to Nyai's family, because Nyai's position at that time was considered as low as that of pets (Yuliana, t.t.).
The message of the film as a medium of mass communication can take any form depending on the mission of the film, and the value of the film is to use the mechanism of symbols that exist in the human mind in the form of the content of messages, voices, words, conversations and so on (Amrina & Mudinillah, 2021;Dewi S dkk., 2022;Dovchin, 2020;Gabriela dkk., 2022;Qureshi dkk., 2022). Therefore, the author wants

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Based on the observations that researchers made on the film of Bumi Manusia obtained data related to the social and cultural values contained in the film of Bumi Manusia. The research that researchers are currently doing is a type of document research. Researchers examined the film of Bumi Manusia as an object of research viewed from the social and cultural values in the film.
The social and cultural values contained in the film of Bumi Manusia are shown a lot in the scenes, dialogues between characters, and the responses of the characters in responding to things. In a film, of course, there is dialogue like in direct conversation in general so that it is easier to see over and over again. At this point, the researcher will describe the social and cultural values contained in the film of Bumi Manusia, adjusted to the study of the previous theory which is guided by several values.
Qualitative research makes humans the main research instrument (Sanusi dkk., 2022;Susanto dkk., 2022;W dkk., 2022;Yul Fanani dkk., 2022;Zakaria dkk., 2022). The reason is that things do not yet have a definite form. The problem, the research focus, the research procedures, the hypotheses used, and even the expected results, cannot be determined definitively and clearly in advance. Everything still needs to be developed throughout that research. In those uncertain and unclear circumstances, there is no other option and only the researcher himself as the only tool can achieve it.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
As for the social and cultural values contained in the film of the human earth, researchers can see from two sub-focuses as follows: Based on the observations that researchers made on the film of Bumi Manusia obtained data related to religious values. The data obtained are various religious values: Relationship with God: Having faith and devotion to a god who is one Having faith and devotion to god is very important. Proving one's faith is by carrying out the teachings of the lord. Be it keeping His commandments or staying away from All His prohibitions (Heiner dkk., 2019). Man must live his life by the provisions set forth by god. Then they can be said to be obedient to His commands. This is found in scene 02.22.56 Minke creates an article and then makes it a newspaper to defy European law based on his marriage to Annalies because his marriage is said to be invalid by Europeans because Annalies is a minor. The one entitled "European law in the eyes of indigenous law".

Be patient and patient at god's trials
Man in living life always encounters trials from god. It is God's way of testing one's faith. The key to that success depends on how we respond to it. Those who are getting that ordeal can face it or vice versa. There is a scene of 02.46.05 when Annalies is going to Amsterdam. Below are screenshots of the visuals of the film and the dialogue.
Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the condition of Indigenous cultures told in the film of Bumi Manusia is still very simple. In addition, their cultural conditions also reflect social conditions that uphold the culture and social status. The various cultural values that researchers have done on Bumi Manusiafilms are as follows:

How indigenous peoples dressed with Europeans
The simplicity of the Indigenous peoples is particularly evident in their way of dealing and the style of the language. Scenes or visuals show the simplicity of the way indigenous peoples dress and dialogue. The plain-dressed natives only use lemon for girls and boys do not wear their lower clothes wearing jarik. Jarik cloth is a fabric that has batik motifs with various patterns. Annalies wear European dresses and wear hats and Minke as modern natives use suits and hats.

Customs of Europeans and indigenous peoples
The cultural conditions of Europeans are superior and dominate the culture of indigenous peoples. The cultural superiority of Europeans that can be a factor in shaping the practice of use in the film of Bumi Manusia is seen in the form of Language seen by the use of the term monkey. It can be seen in the visuals and dialogue in scene 04.21.
Based on the results of data analysis related to the socio-cultural values contained in the Human Earth, the researcher elaborates as follows:

Religious Values
Based on the observations of researchers religious values contained in the film Bumi Manusiacan be seen from Minke, this was aimed at the time when Minke was defending his marriage, by creating an article. His marriage was said to be illegitimate because Annalies was a minor.
1. Please HelpBased on the researcher's observations please help contained in the film Bumi Manusiacan be seen from Nyai ontosoroh, where he made a field and gave jobs to 500 people without burdening the farmers. 2. Forgive Each Other 3. Based on the observations of researchers forgiving each other contained in the film Human Earth, it can be seen Minke apologizing to his mother for not replying to a single letter from his mother. 4. Compassion 5. Based on the observations of researchers the affection contained in the film Bumi Manusiacan be seen from Minke who rejected the decision from the judge over the custody of Annalies and analyses to be brought to Amsterdam. Where he opposed the judge during the hearing. 6. Responsibility 7. Based on the observations of researchers the responsibility contained in the film Bumi Manusiacan be seen from Minke. It was intended when Minke was told by his father to be the translator of his speech into Dutch. As Mike made his speech he was responsible for raising the degree of indigenousness and uniting two nations, the European and Indigenous peoples. 8. Filial Piety to Parents 9. Based on the observations of filial researchers the parents contained in the film Bumi Manusiacan be seen in Robert. Robert is an unkind example. She has no respect and respect for her mother. Culture 1. How to Dress 2. Based on the observations of researchers on how to dress contained in the film of Bumi Manusia, it can be seen that indigenous people use simple clothes, which are characteristic of blangkon in men and kebaya in women. 3. European and Indigenous customs 4. Based on the observations of researchers of European and Indigenous customs contained in the film Bumi Manusiacan be seen from the form of language. Dutch is rated higher than indigenous. Europe has a native name, namely monkeys. So monkeys are forbidden to use Dutch. 5. Wedding 6. Based on the observations of researchers the marriage contained in the film The Bumi Manusiacombines two cultures at once. The marriage contract used Javanese customs and the provisions of the Islamic religion and the reception, the event used European culture and was accompanied by gamelan music. 7. Squat Street 8. Based on the observations of researchers, squatting in Bumi Manusiafilms is carried out by a person who is considered to be inferior in degree in the presence of a person who is considered to be higher in degree. Can be seen when Nyai Ontosoroh, who attended the trial of her husband's murder case when was about to enter the courtroom she was told to squat because she was a mistress of the natives.

CONCLUSION
In the thesis entitled "The Construction of the Social Reality of Javanese Society on the film of Bumi Manusia By Pramoedya Ananta Toer," there are several conclusions that can be concluded by researchers, including: The Bumi Manusiamovie doesn't just tell the story of the romance between Annalies and Minke. But it is also about indigenous resistance to Europe, Indigenous against the injustice that Europe is doing, European power, and harassing the dignity of indigenous peoples. Racial differences are seen in the class conflict between people of European and Indigenous descent. Where the Europeans did not have a binding culture like indigenous cultures.
The social values contained in the film of Bumi Manusia are found as religious values, the value of affection, the value of responsibility, the value of helping, the value of mutual forgiveness, and the value of filial piety to parents. It can all be seen from the scenes of the characters and can also be seen in the dialogues between the characters in the film of Bumi Manusia. The cultural values contained in the film of the Bumi Manusia such as the way of dressing indigenous and European nations, the Customs of European and Indigenous Nations, marriages, and squatting roads can all also be seen in the scenes of the characters and the dialogues between the characters of the Bumi Manusiafilm