Changing the Paradigm of Traditional Journalism to Digital Journalism: Impact on Professionalism and Journalism Credibility

The development of information technology and the internet has significantly transformed the landscape of media and journalism. Traditional journalism, which relied on print and electronic broadcasting, has evolved into digital journalism supported by online platforms. This change has had a profound impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists. This research aims to analyze the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism and explore its impact on journalistic professionalism and credibility. The methods used in this study are literature review and comparative analysis. In the literature review, we examine the relevant literature on the paradigm shift in journalism and its impact on journalistic professionalism and credibility. Comparative analysis is carried out by comparing the characteristics of traditional journalism and digital journalism and analyzing the changes that have occurred. The results of the study indicate that the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism has changed the role of journalists in gathering, editing and delivering news. Digital journalism provides greater freedom and flexibility for journalists in creating content, but it also brings new challenges related to the validity and credibility of information. Journalists today are faced with demands to adapt to new technologies, master algorithms, and build a strong online presence. The results of the study indicate that the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism has changed the role of journalists in gathering, editing and delivering news. Digital journalism provides greater freedom and flexibility for journalists in creating content, but it also brings new challenges related to the validity and credibility of information. Journalists today are faced with demands to adapt to new technologies, master algorithms, and build a strong online presence.


INTRODUCTION
In the increasingly advanced digital era, the media and journalism industry is experiencing a significant paradigm shift (Cabrita dkk., 2020). The development of information and communication technology, especially the internet, has changed the way news is produced, disseminated and consumed by the public (Younossi dkk., 2019). These changes have presented new challenges and opportunities for journalists, as well as affecting the professionalism and credibility of journalism as a whole.
Prior to digital journalism, traditional journalism dominated reporting by relying on print, television and radio media (Abou-Alfa dkk., 2020). The process of news production in traditional journalism involves the selection of news that is considered important, compilation, editing and distribution through established media channels. However, with the emergence of the digital era, a paradigm shift in the media industry is happening at a fast pace (Zhou dkk., 2019). The development of the internet has changed the media landscape dramatically. Easy and fast access to the internet allows people to access news in real time, anywhere and anytime (Li dkk., 2020). Modern society tends to use the internet as the primary source of information, and media consumption behavior has changed significantly.
Apart from that, digital journalism also introduces the concept of active user participation. Users can provide immediate feedback, participate in public discussions, and share news content via social media or online news platforms (Giannakis dkk., 2021). Direct interaction between journalists and readers has become one of the important characteristics of digital journalism.
In the era of digital journalism, news is updated in real-time and quickly disseminated via online platforms (Ferlay dkk., 2021). The speed and ease of news dissemination has become one of the main advantages of digital journalism. In addition, various content formats, such as text, images, videos, and podcasts, can be used to enrich the reader's experience (Chung dkk., 2019). However, this paradigm shift also brings a number of challenges (Peng dkk., 2019). The emergence of fake news (hoaxes) and the difficulty in verifying the authenticity of information is a serious problem in digital journalism (Roy dkk., 2019). The credibility and public trust in the media and journalists can also be affected by the easy nature of the spread of news that is not accurately verified.
In dealing with these changes, journalists and media organizations must adapt to changing technologies and updating skills (Kato dkk., 2019). Journalists need to maintain professionalism in producing news content that is accurate, objective and of high quality (Yang dkk., 2020). Journalism ethics also remains an important foothold in the digital era. Thus, the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism has fundamentally changed the way news is produced, disseminated and consumed by society . These changes affect media consumption behavior, interactions between journalists and readers, and the news production process itself. While digital journalism brings progress and opportunity, challenges in maintaining credibility and professionalism must also be overcome.
The professionalism of journalists has also changed. Digital journalism demands new skills, such as mastery of technology and data analysis, while the integrity and ethics of journalists remain the main foundation of professionalism. The biggest challenge is maintaining credibility in an age of pervasive and often unverified information. Journalists must ensure accuracy, objectivity and balance in reporting news.
The paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism has significant consequences for the professionalism and credibility of journalists. Journalists must develop new skills, adapt to technology, and maintain integrity in the face of rapidly evolving information challenges. The government, media institutions and the public also have an important role to play in supporting and promoting professional and credible journalism practices in this digital era.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study aims to analyze the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism and explore its impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists (Alom dkk., 2019). To achieve this goal, this study uses a literature study approach and comparative analysis.
First, a literature study is conducted by reviewing relevant literature on changes in the paradigm of journalism and its impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists (Tang dkk., 2019). The sources used include scientific journals, research articles, books, and other related publications (Tandoc Jr., 2019). Through the study of literature, researchers can gain an in-depth understanding of the changes that are taking place in the journalism industry and how they affect the professionalism and credibility of journalists.
Second, a comparative analysis was conducted to compare the characteristics of traditional journalism and digital journalism and to analyze the changes that have occurred. In this analysis, the researcher looks at the differences in the processes of news production, distribution, and consumption in the two journalism paradigms (García-Orosa dkk., 2020). In addition, aspects such as freedom of journalists, user participation, validity of information, and impact of social media are also explored in this comparative analysis (University of Queensland dkk., 2019). By comparing these two journalism paradigms, researchers can identify a significant impact of the paradigm shift on the professionalism and credibility of journalists.
In conducting this research, the researcher also collected data through interviews with several journalists who have experience in various types of journalism, both traditional and digital (Gläßel & Paula, 2020). The interview aims to gain first-hand perspectives from journalists on the changing paradigm of journalism and how it affects practice, professionalism and credibility.
Furthermore, data collected from literature studies, comparative analysis, and interviews were analyzed qualitatively (Lobry dkk., 2020). Researchers look for patterns, general findings, and relationships between changes in the paradigm of journalism and the professionalism and credibility of journalists (Lobry dkk., 2020). The results of this analysis are used to support research findings and provide deeper insight into the changes that have occurred in the journalism industry and their implications for the professionalism and credibility of journalists.
In essence, this research uses a literature study and comparative analysis approach to analyze the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism and its impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists (Royal & Kiesow, 2021). Through incorporation of relevant literature sources, comparative analysis, and interviews with journalists, this research aims to provide a better understanding of the changes taking place in the journalism industry and how they affect the practice of journalists as well as the image of professionalism and credibility.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In the era of globalization driven by developments in information technology and the internet, the journalism industry has undergone a significant transformation . Traditional journalism that relies on print media and electronic broadcasts has changed to digital journalism supported by online platforms. This change has had a major impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists (Sung dkk., 2021). Therefore, researchers need to analyze the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism and explore its impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists. An analysis of the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism reveals a significant shift in the way news is produced, disseminated and consumed by society. Through literature studies, comparative analysis, Changes in the News Production Process: Traditional journalism relies on a hierarchical process involving the selection of news items deemed important, drafting, editing and distribution through established media channels (Pata, 2021). However, in digital journalism, the news production process is faster and can be updated in real-time.
Journalists have greater freedom and flexibility in creating content and presenting stories in a variety of formats, including text, images, video and podcasts.
User Participation: Digital journalism has changed the relationship between journalists and readers (Adebayo & Kirikkaleli, 2021). Users can provide immediate feedback, participate in public discussions, and share news content via social media or online news platforms. Direct interaction between journalists and readers has become one of the important characteristics of digital journalism. However, challenges r(Acheampong dkk., 2019)egarding the validity and credibility of information also arise due to the greater participation of users.
New Freedoms and Challenges: Digital journalism gives journalists greater freedom in creating content and exploring different narrative styles. However, with the ease of widespread information dissemination, the emergence of fake news (hoaxes) has become a serious problem (Bloom & Cadarette, 2019). The validity and reliability of information in digital journalism is an important concern, and journalists are required to be more careful in verifying the authenticity of news before spreading it. Impact on Journalist Professionalism Changes in the paradigm of journalism have a significant impact on the professionalism of journalists. Some of the impacts found in this study include : Technological Skills (McGuinness & Fulton, 2019): In the era of digital journalism, journalists must have strong technological skills. Mastering digital tools and platforms, such as social media, web analytics, and search algorithms, is essential in producing content that is relevant and reachable to audiences.
Flexibility and Innovation: Digital journalism gives journalists greater flexibility in creating interesting and diverse content (Yang dkk., 2020). Journalists can use a variety of narrative formats and styles to reach readers in more creative and engaging ways (Loda dkk., 2019). This drives innovation in journalistic practice.
Ethical Responsibility: In digital journalism, journalists are faced with more complex ethical demands. Journalists must ensure that the information submitted is accurate, verified and impartial (Astalini dkk., 2019). The responsibility to spread quality news that does not harm individuals or groups is becoming more important.
Impact on the Credibility of Journalists Changes in the paradigm of journalism also have an impact on the credibility of journalists. Some of the impacts found in this study include: Changing Public Perception: Digital journalism has influenced the way society perceives journalists and news (Cate & Carraccio, 2019). Easy access to information allows readers to obtain news from various sources, including unverified sources. Therefore, the credibility of journalists is an important factor in distinguishing reliable news from unverified information.
Transparency and Accountability: Digital journalism demands greater transparency from journalists. Readers expect journalists to provide clear sources of information, disclose potential conflicts of interest, and explain the news production process more openly. This contributes to increasing the credibility of journalists and building public trust.
Social Media Influence: Social media plays an important role in the distribution of digital news. However, the use of social media as a source of news also poses a challenge to the credibility of journalists. Fake news or disinformation can easily spread via social media platforms, thereby influencing public perceptions of trust in journalists.
The results of this study indicate that the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism has a significant impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists. Journalists must master technology skills, be flexible in creating innovative content, and be ethically responsible in spreading the news. In addition, journalists also need to maintain credibility by ensuring transparency, accountability, and the quality of information conveyed to the public. In the era of digital journalism, maintaining professionalism and credibility is a challenge that must be overcome in order to maintain public trust in journalists and the news they convey.

Changes in Public Perception and Trust in Journalism in the Digital Age
In the ever-evolving digital era, paradigm shifts in the journalism industry have had a major impact on public perception and trust in the journalist profession. Information technology and the internet have provided wider access to information, as well as providing the ability for individuals to participate in the news process through social media and other online platforms. However, this impact has also led to changes in how the public perceives journalism and evaluates the credibility of news sources.
One of the main changes is the decline in public trust in the media and journalists. The ease of disseminating information on social media has enabled the rapid spread of fake news (hoaxes) and disinformation. This has resulted in people being more skeptical of the news they receive and suspecting the credibility of journalists. Incidents such as false information scandals and news manipulation have also influenced public perceptions of the existence of political, commercial or ideological interests behind the news that is conveyed.
In addition, changes in the media business model have also affected public trust in journalism. The shift of news consumption from print media to online platforms has changed the dynamics of funding and revenue models in the journalism industry. Some traditional media outlets face significant financial pressures, which can affect the independence and quality of the news they produce. In some cases, advertising or sponsorship can influence news content, and this raises doubts and concerns about the impartiality and integrity of journalists.
However, these changes also bring new opportunities to rebuild public trust in journalism. Digital journalism provides opportunities for journalists to engage more with readers through direct, responsive and participatory interactions. Transparency in the process of producing news and disclosing conflicts of interest can help build the credibility of journalists. In addition, the collective efforts of the journalism industry, academia and government agencies to increase media literacy and teach critical news comprehension skills are also important to strengthen public trust.
In dealing with this change, journalists need to maintain integrity and professionalism, produce news that is accurate, verified and balanced. It is important to understand changes in news consumer behavior and adapt to new technologies and complex ethical demands. Thus, journalists can play an important role in rebuilding public trust in journalism In conclusion, the paradigm shift in journalism in the digital era has led to changes in public perception and trust in the journalist profession. Declining public trust, the impact of disinformation, and questions about the integrity of the media have become challenges faced in maintaining the credibility of journalism. However, with awareness of these challenges and with the right steps, journalists can play a key role in rebuilding public trust and maintaining professionalism in digital journalism.

The spread of false information (hoaxes) and challenges faced in maintaining credibility
The spread of false information or hoaxes has become a serious threat to the credibility of journalism in the digital era. The speed and breadth of information dissemination via online platforms and social media has complicated the task of maintaining public credibility and trust. The challenges faced include, first, the difficulty of distinguishing between fake information and legitimate news. Hoaxes are often presented in a convincing manner, making it difficult for readers or viewers to distinguish between them. Second, the spread of false information can occur quickly and go viral, making it difficult to stop it from spreading before it can be verified. Third, hoaxes often target sensitive or controversial issues, which can sway public opinion and reinforce belief in false narratives. Fourth, the role of social media as the main platform for spreading hoaxes makes it difficult to control and supervise published content. To maintain the credibility of journalism, collaborative efforts are needed between journalists, media platforms and the public in combating the spread of false information and increasing media literacy.
The phenomenon of the spread of false information or hoaxes is increasingly worrying in the digital era. Hoaxes can easily spread via social media platforms and online channels, causing a negative impact on the credibility of journalism. The main challenge is the speed with which false information can spread, which can spread quickly before its truth is verified. In addition, hoaxes are often difficult to distinguish from legitimate news, as they use clever strategies to mimic the style and appearance of professional news. This phenomenon places a great responsibility on journalists to actively combat hoaxes, verify facts carefully, and deliver accurate news.

CONCLUSION
The paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism has had a significant impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists. In the digital era influenced by information technology and the internet, journalism has undergone a transformation in the way it delivers news, gathers information, and interacts between journalists and the public. Following are some conclusions that can be drawn from this paradigm shift: The evolving role of journalists: In traditional journalism, journalists serve as centralized and authoritative news reporters. However, with the emergence of digital journalism, the journalist's role has grown to be more complex. It not only collects and delivers news, but also engages in the use of technology, production of multimedia content and direct interaction with audiences through social media. Journalists need to update their skills and knowledge to face the new challenges posed by this paradigm shift.
Challenges in maintaining professionalism: This paradigm shift also brings challenges to the professionalism of journalists. In digital journalism, there is pressure to produce content quickly to meet the needs of information-hungry consumers. This can interfere with the process of careful fact verification and quality news writing. Journalists need to maintain integrity and ethics in carrying out their duties, while adhering to the principles of accurate, objective and independent journalism. Impact on credibility: Digital journalism has also affected the credibility of journalists and media. With the easy spread of false information and hoaxes, the public becomes more skeptical of the news they receive. The credibility of journalists is very important in differentiating a journalist from an unreliable source of information. Journalists must build a strong reputation and maintain a high level of credibility through honest, transparent and accurate journalism practices.
The importance of media literacy: In the digital era, media literacy is becoming increasingly important for society. The public needs to be equipped with the skills to recognize and deal with false information, as well as understand the basic principles of journalism. Media literacy education must be increased to help people distinguish between valid news and misinformation.
In conclusion, the paradigm shift from traditional journalism to digital journalism has had a significant impact on the professionalism and credibility of journalists. Journalists must continue to adapt to technological developments and maintain professionalism standards in carrying out their duties. Media literacy education is also important for building a better understanding of journalism and assisting the public in accessing reliable information