MENEMUKAN MAKNA HIDUP MELALUI TERAPI EKSISTENSIAL: KAJIAN LITERATUR TERHADAP PENDEKATAN VIKTOR FRANKL DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM KONSELING
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Artikel ini mengkaji secara mendalam konsep makna hidup dalam perspektif terapi eksistensial Viktor Frankl serta relevansinya dalam praktik konseling kontemporer melalui pendekatan kajian literatur. Fenomena meningkatnya krisis makna, kehampaan eksistensial, dan kebingungan identitas pada berbagai kelompok usia menunjukkan urgensi pentingnya model konseling yang mampu membantu individu menemukan arah hidup yang lebih bermakna. Terapi eksistensial menawarkan cara pandang bahwa manusia memiliki kemampuan untuk memilih sikap terhadap situasi apa pun, dan pencarian makna merupakan bagian esensial dari proses pertumbuhan psikologis. Kajian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi prinsip dasar logoterapi, teknik intervensi yang lazim digunakan, serta efektivitas penerapannya dalam berbagai konteks konseling.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur sistematis terhadap buku-buku utama, artikel jurnal, serta penelitian empiris yang membahas logoterapi dan makna hidup. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa logoterapi berperan signifikan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman diri, motivasi internal, dan ketahanan psikologis. Teknik seperti derefleksi, intensi paradoks, dan dialog mendalam terbukti bermanfaat dalam membantu konseli menghadapi kecemasan, tekanan emosional, dan pengalaman kehilangan. Selain itu, logoterapi mampu memberikan kerangka berpikir yang fleksibel dan dapat diadaptasi dengan pendekatan konseling lain.
Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa logoterapi merupakan pendekatan yang relevan dan efektif untuk membantu individu menemukan tujuan hidup yang lebih jelas serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis. Artikel ini juga membuka peluang untuk penelitian lanjutan terkait pengembangan model intervensi eksistensial dalam berbagai konteks pendidikan dan kesehatan mental.
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